{"id":3067,"date":"2020-07-16T17:55:51","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T17:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/genetikascentrs.lv\/pakalpojumi\/genetic-analyses\/y-hromosomas-molekulara-testesana-azf-faktors\/"},"modified":"2024-08-23T12:36:36","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T12:36:36","slug":"molecular-testing-of-azf-region-of-y-chromosome","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/genetikascentrs.lv\/en\/services\/genetic-analyses\/molecular-testing-of-azf-region-of-y-chromosome\/","title":{"rendered":"Molecular testing of AZF region of Y chromosome"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;row&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;col-md&#8221;][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu=&#8221;68&#8243; el_class=&#8221;services-nav flex-column flex-nowrap&#8221;][vc_row_inner rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;row d-flex flex-column flex-sm-row flex-md-column mt-3&#8243;][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;col-auto col-sm col-md-auto&#8221; 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20:00<\/b><br class=\"tt\" \/>Friday <b>07:00 &#8211; 22:00<\/b><br class=\"tt\" \/>Saturday <b>08:00 &#8211; 18:00<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;col-auto col-sm col-md-auto&#8221; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; rsinner=&#8221;contact-box contact-box-2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Contact Info&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; rs_decor_place=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;contact-box-title&#8221;][\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;]\r\n<ul class=\"icn-list\">\r\n<li class=\" p-l-0\">\r\n<div class=\"tt\"><svg class=\"icon icon-clock\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"><title>clock<\/title><path d=\"M20.655 15.582h-4.232v-4.232c0-0.701-0.569-1.27-1.27-1.27s-1.27 0.569-1.27 1.27v5.502c0 0.701 0.569 1.27 1.27 1.27h5.502c0.701 0 1.27-0.569 1.27-1.27s-0.569-1.27-1.27-1.27z\"><\/path><path d=\"M16 1.5c-7.995 0-14.5 6.505-14.5 14.5s6.505 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5-6.505 14.5-14.5c0-7.995-6.505-14.5-14.5-14.5zM16 27.96c-6.595 0-11.96-5.365-11.96-11.96s5.365-11.96 11.96-11.96 11.96 5.365 11.96 11.96c0 6.595-5.365 11.96-11.96 11.96z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"tt\">Phone: <\/span><span class=\"tt\"><b>1-800-267-0000<\/b> <b class=\"p-l-86\">1-800-267-0001<\/b><\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\" p-l-0\">\r\n<div class=\"tt\"><svg class=\"icon icon-black-envelope\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"><title>black-envelope<\/title><path d=\"M2.531 6.124l11.526 9.13c0.523 0.414 1.243 0.597 1.942 0.563 0.698 0.034 1.419-0.148 1.941-0.563l11.526-9.13c0.924-0.727 0.715-1.323-0.457-1.323h-26.019c-1.173 0-1.382 0.596-0.461 1.323z\"><\/path><path d=\"M30.3 8.533l-12.596 9.563c-0.471 0.354-1.088 0.526-1.702 0.518-0.616 0.008-1.233-0.165-1.704-0.518l-12.598-9.563c-0.935-0.709-1.7-0.329-1.7 0.844v15.69c0 1.173 0.96 2.133 2.133 2.133h27.734c1.173 0 2.133-0.96 2.133-2.133v-15.69c0-1.173-0.765-1.553-1.7-0.844z\"><\/path><\/svg><a href=\"mailto:info@dentco.net\">info@dentco.net<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;question-box mt-3&#8243; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Ask the Experts&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; rs_decor_place=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;question-box-title&#8221;][\/vc_custom_heading]\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f246-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"246\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3067#wpcf7-f246-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<div style=\"display: none;\">\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"246\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.0.4\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f246-o1\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_recaptcha_response\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-form contact7__custom-form questionForm ws-form-icons7\" id=\"questionForm\">\n\t<div class=\"input-group\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text form-control\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Your name\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-name\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"row row-xs-space7 mt-0 mt-md-1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"input-group\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email form-control\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Your e-mail\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"your-email\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"input-group\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-phone\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text form-control\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-phone\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"mt-0 mt-md-1\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-message\"><textarea cols=\"40\" rows=\"10\" maxlength=\"2000\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea wpcf7-validates-as-required form-control form-control-textarea\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Question*\" name=\"your-message\"><\/textarea><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"form-ask_btn_c\">\n\t\t<div class=\"mt-2\">\n\t\t\t<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner btn btn-fill\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Send question\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;col-md-8 col-lg-9 mt-4 mt-md-0&#8243;][vc_row_inner rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;pt-2 pt-md-4&#8243;][vc_column_inner rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;][vc_column_text rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;]\r\n<h6>One of the causes of male infertility is associated with changes in the Y chromosome: microdeletions in the AZF region.<\/h6>\r\n<p>Under normal conditions, a large part of the genes localised in the Y chromosome ensure a successful spermatogenesis process throughout life, starting from puberty.<\/p>\r\n<p>Microdeletion syndrome in the AZF region results in markedly impaired spermatogenesis or its complete arrest. The clinical picture in such patients is typically characterised by azoospermia or severe oligospermia, which may be the cause of male infertility.<\/p>\r\n<p>Molecular diagnosis of the genetic status of the Y chromosome microdeletion syndrome plays the key role in determining the factor of the male infertility within the area of reproductive medicine. The result of the diagnosis determines the future steps for the patients who wish to become parents.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Molecular Testing of the AZF Region of the Y chromosome<\/h4>\r\n<h6>The iVF Clinic in R\u012bga offers new diagnosis of male infertility \u2013 molecular testing of the AZF region of the Y chromosome.<br \/>Microdeletion syndrome of the Y chromosome as a genetically determined factor in male infertility<br \/>The Y chromosome as a factor in determining gender<\/h6>\r\n<p>As we all know, a normal set of human chromosomes (also known as the karyotype) consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in all). 22 of the pairs are the same for women and men, but the remaining pair consists of gender chromosomes that determine the gender of the individual \u2013 XX for women and XY for men. The normal karyotype for women, thus, is 46,XX, while the normal one for men is 46,XY.<\/p>\r\n<p>During pregnancy, if the embryo has a masculine set of chromosomes, the Y chromosome determines the masculine development of the embryo. Testes are the first to develop, and the testosterone that they produce stimulates the ongoing global process of masculinisation. Most genes in the Y chromosome ensure the genesis of sperm throughout the man\u2019s life if the health of the individual is normal.<\/p>\r\n<h6>The role of the Y chromosome in male infertility<\/h6>\r\n<p>It is important to note that if the Y chromosome is subject to mutation, one problem can be microdeletion syndrome, also known as the azoospermia factor (AZF). This hinders the genesis of sperm or completely blocks it. This is azoospermia or oligospermia, which can cause male infertility.<\/p>\r\n<p>Klinefelter Syndrome (karyotype 47,XXY) involves AZF microdeletion, and that is the most frequent diagnosis for male infertility. AZF microdeletion is found, on average, in one man per 4,000, though according to various studies the percentage of infertile males in a population can be between 2 and 17%.<\/p>\r\n<p>The AZF region of the Y chromosome consists of three sub-regions (AZFa, AZFb and AZFc), so there can be various types of microdeletion (see table). This determines the manifestations of the syndrome\u2019s phenotype or the extent to which the patient is infertile.<\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":true,\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\">\r\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Type of deletion<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Frequency of occurrence<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Clinical manifestation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AZFa<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0.5-4%<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Azoospermia<br \/>(Sertoli Syndrome)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AZFb<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1-5%<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Azoospermia<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AZFbc<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1-3%<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Azoospermia<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AZFc<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">~80%<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Oligospermia or azoospermia<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AZFabc<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Very rare<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Azoospermia<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\r\n<p>The molecular diagnosis of the genetic status of the microdeletion of the Y chromosome is of primary importance in determining male infertility factors as part of reproductive medicine. The results of the diagnosis will determine what couples who wish to become parents can do. The genetic laboratory of the iVF R\u012bga clinic is offering a new diagnostic approach for male infertility. This involves the molecular testing of the AZF region of patients with the following indications:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Azoospermia<\/li>\r\n<li>Oligospermia &lt;5 x 106\/mL<\/li>\r\n<li>ICSI manipulation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Molecular testing of the AZF region is not indicated for men with other chromosomal aberrations (apart from 46,XY\/45,X), obstructive azoospermia or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Clinical findings such as the level of hormones, the size of testes, varicocelles, undeveloped testes, etc., have no predictive value when it comes to the genetic status of the AZF region.<\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]\r\n<p>Sign up: <strong>+371 67111117<\/strong> or\u00a0<strong><a href=\"mailto:genetikascentrs@ivfriga.eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetikascentrs@ivfriga.eu<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;row&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;col-md&#8221;][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu=&#8221;68&#8243; el_class=&#8221;services-nav flex-column flex-nowrap&#8221;][vc_row_inner rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; el_class=&#8221;row d-flex flex-column flex-sm-row flex-md-column mt-3&#8243;][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;col-auto col-sm col-md-auto&#8221; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; rsinner=&#8221;contact-box contact-box-1&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Working Time&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; rs_decor_place=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;contact-box-title&#8221;][\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;] Mon-Thu 08:00 &#8211; 20:00Friday 07:00 &#8211; 22:00Saturday 08:00 &#8211; 18:00 [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner el_class=&#8221;col-auto col-sm col-md-auto&#8221; rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221; rsinner=&#8221;contact-box contact-box-2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Contact Info&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; rs_decor_place=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;contact-box-title&#8221;][\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text rsclass=&#8221;clean&#8221;] Phone: <\/p>\n<div class=\"btn-more-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/genetikascentrs.lv\/en\/services\/genetic-analyses\/molecular-testing-of-azf-region-of-y-chromosome\/\" class=\"btn btn-sm btn-hover-fill\"><svg class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"><title>right-arrow<\/title><path d=\"M21.548 5.088c-0.436-0.451-1.162-0.451-1.613 0-0.436 0.436-0.436 1.162 0 1.596l8.177 8.177h-26.984c-0.629 0.001-1.129 0.501-1.129 1.13s0.5 1.145 1.129 1.145h26.984l-8.177 8.162c-0.436 0.451-0.436 1.178 0 1.613 0.451 0.451 1.178 0.451 1.613 0l10.113-10.113c0.451-0.436 0.451-1.162 0-1.596l-10.113-10.114z\"><\/path><\/svg>Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Molecular testing of AZF region of Y chromosome&#8221;<\/span><svg class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"><title>right-arrow<\/title><path d=\"M21.548 5.088c-0.436-0.451-1.162-0.451-1.613 0-0.436 0.436-0.436 1.162 0 1.596l8.177 8.177h-26.984c-0.629 0.001-1.129 0.501-1.129 1.13s0.5 1.145 1.129 1.145h26.984l-8.177 8.162c-0.436 0.451-0.436 1.178 0 1.613 0.451 0.451 1.178 0.451 1.613 0l10.113-10.113c0.451-0.436 0.451-1.162 0-1.596l-10.113-10.114z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2967,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3067","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Testing of AZF region of Y chromosome - iVF Riga \u0123en\u0113tikas centrs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Molecular testing of AZF region of Y chromosome. iVF Riga Genetic Center. 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